8th Grade Math Learning Targets
Math, 8
ALT 1 - Communication
Communicates clearly and explains reasoning so others can follow how a problem is solved.
AST.1.1 - Language : Uses appropriate mathematical language.
AST.1.2 - Representations : Uses appropriate forms of mathematical representations to present information correctly.
AST.1.3 - Transitions : Moves between different forms of mathematical representations.
AST.1.4 - Lines of Reason : Communicates through lines of reasoning that are complete and coherent.
ALT 2 - Modeling
Reasons mathematically to solve problems in real-life context.
AST 2.1 - Relevant Elements : Identifies the relevant elements of the authentic real-life situation.
AST 2.2 - Strategies : Selects adequate mathematical strategies to model the authentic real-life situation.
AST 2.3 - Reaches a Solution : Applies the selected mathematical strategies to reach a valid solution to the authentic real-life situation.
AST.2.4 - Degree of Accuracy : Explains the degree of accuracy of the solution.
AST 2.5 - Making Sense : Explains whether the solution makes sense in the context of the authentic real-life situation.
ALT 3 - Patterns
Recognizes patterns and describes them as relationships or general rules.
AST.3.1 - Pattern ID : Selects and applies mathematical problem-solving techniques to correctly identify the pattern.
AST.3.2 - Description : Pattern is described as relationship or general rule.
AST 3.3 - Verification : Verifies the validity of these general rules.
AST.3.4 - Conclusions : Conclusions are consistent with the correct findings.
ALT 4 - Exponents
Works with expressions and equations using integer exponents.
AST 4.1 - Exponent Properties : Knows and applies the properties of integer exponents to generate equivalent numerical expressions.
AST 4.2 - Scientific Notation : Uses numbers expressed in the form of a single digit times an integer power of 10 to estimate very large and very small quantities, and to express how many times as much one is than the other.
AST 4.3 - Operations with Scientific Notation : Performs operations with numbers expressed in scientific notation, including problems where both decimal and scientific notation are used.
AST 4.4 - Applications : Uses scientific notation and choose units of appropriate size for measurements of very large or very small quantities.
AST 4.5 - Uses Technology : Interprets scientific notation that has been generated by technology.
ALT 5 - Equations and Systems
Analyzes and solves linear equations and systems of linear equations.
AST 5.1 - One Variable Equations : Solves linear equations in one variable.
AST 5.2 - Systems : Analyzes and solves pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
ALT 6 - Linear Functions
Defines, evaluates, compares and uses linear functions to model relationships between quantities.
AST 6.1 - Direct Variation : Graphs proportional relationships, interpreting the unit rate as the slope of the graph. Compares two different proportional relationships represented in different ways.
AST 6.2 - Writing Linear Equations : Uses similar triangles to explain why the slope m is the same between any two distinct points on a non-vertical line in the coordinate plane; derive the equation y = mx for a line through the origin and the equation y = mx + b for a line intercepting the vertical axis b.
AST 6.3 - Functions : Understands that a function is a rule that assigns to each input exactly one output. The graph of a function is the set of ordered pairs consisting of an input and the corresponding output (function notation not required).
AST.6.4 - Compare Properties of Linear Functions : Compares properties of two functions each represented in a different way (algebraically, graphically, numerically in tables, or by verbal descriptions).
AST 6.5 - Slope-Intercept Form (y = mx + b) : Interprets the equation y = mx + b as defining a linear function, whose graph is a straight line; give examples of functions that are not linear.
AST 6.6 - Derive an Equation of a Line on a Graph : Constructs a function to model a linear relationship between two quantities. Determines the rate of change and initial value of the function from a description of a relationship or from two (x, y) values, including reading these from a table or from a graph. Interprets the rate of change and initial value of a linear function in terms of the situation it models, and in terms of its graph or a table of values.
AST 6.7 - Describing Functions : Describes qualitatively the functional relationship between two quantities by analyzing a graph. Sketch a graph that exhibits the qualitative features that has been described verbally.
ALT 7 - Bivariate Data
Investigates patterns of association in bivariate data.
AST 7.1 - Scatter Plots : Constructs and interprets scatter plots for bivariate measurement data to investigate patterns of association between two quantities. Describes patterns such as clustering, outliers, positive or negative association, linear association, and nonlinear association.
AST 7.2 - Lines of Fit : Knows that straight lines are widely used to model relationships between two quantitative variables.
AST 7.3 - Using Model Equations : Uses the equation of a linear model to solve problems in the context of bivariate measurement data, interpreting the slope and intercept.
AST 7.4 - Categorical Data : Understands that patterns of association can also be seen in bivariate categorical data by displaying frequencies and relative frequencies in a two-way table.
AST 7.5 - Two-Way Tables : Constructs and interprets a two-way table summarizing data on two categorical variables collected from the same subjects.
AST 8.6 - Relative Frequencies : Uses relative frequencies calculated for rows and columns to describe possible association between the two variables.
ALT 8 - Geometry
Understands congruence and similarity using transformational geometry, triangle-angle relationships, and parallel lines cut by transversals, as well as, the volume of cylinders, cones and spheres.
AST 8.1 - Rigid Transformations : Verifies experimentally the properties of rotations, reflections and translations.
AST 8.2 - Congruence : Understands that a two-dimensional figure is congruent to another if the second can be obtained from the first by a sequence of rotations, reflections, and translations; find two congruent figures, describes a sequence that exhibits the congruence between them.
AST 8.3 - Coordinate Transformations : Describes the effect of dilations, translations, rotations, and reflections on two-dimensional figures using coordinates.
AST 8.4 - Angle Relationships : Uses informal arguments to establish facts about the angle sum and exterior angle of triangles, about the angles created when parallel lines are cut by a transversal, and the angle-angle criterion for similarity of triangles.
AST 8.5 - Volume Formulas : Knows the formulas for the volume of cones, cylinders, and spheres and uses them to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
ALT 9 - Pythagorean Theorem
Understands and applies the Pythagorean Theorem using rational and irrational numbers.
AST 9.1 - Identify Irrational Numbers : Knows that numbers that are not rational are called irrational. Understands informally that every number has a decimal expansion.
AST 9.2 - Estimate, Compare, Order Irrationals : Uses rational approximations of irrational numbers to compare the size of irrational numbers, locates them approximately on a number line diagram, and estimates the value of expressions.
AST 9.3 - Square and Cube Roots : Uses square and cube root symbols to represent solutions to equations of the form x2 = p and x3 = p where p is a positive rational number. Evaluates square roots of small perfect squares and cube roots of small perfect cubes. Knows that √2 is irrational.
AST 9.4 - Prove the Pythagorean Theorem : Explains the proof of the Pythagorean Theorem and its converse.
AST 9.5 - Find Length in 2D and 3D : Applies the Pythagorean Theorem to determine unknown side lengths in right triangles in the real world and mathematical problems in two and three dimensions.
AST 9.6 - Distance and Coordinates : Applies the Pythagorean Theorem to find the distance between two points in a coordinate system.