Standards-Based Learning System (SBLS) - Page Under Construction

The Nine Components of the BSD Standards Based Learning System

1. Clear Learning Targets for Students:  A proficiency-based assessment model provides students with clear and objective learning targets - this takes the mystery out of assessment for students.

2. Assessments Linked to Learning Targets:  A Collection of Evidence within a proficiency-based model asks teachers to examine how their classroom assessments measure student learning on the Learning Targets. This allows teachers the opportunity to reflect on the assessments in their classrooms and participate in professional collaboration with colleagues (PLC's) as they examine student work together and refine their assessment practices. This collaboration is done both horizontally (within grade levels) and vertically (across grade levels).

5. Valuing of Teacher Judgment and Expertise:  A proficiency-based assessment model is internally teacher-driven. Classroom teachers decide what assessments will be part of a Collection of Evidence based on sufficiency guidelines. Additionally, teachers score the collections internally rather than sending them out of a school to be scored externally. When research-based criteria are applied to this process, the summary judgments of teachers have been found to be more comprehensive than standardized testing, just as reliable, and far more conducive to student learning.

6. Equity and Consistency Across the District:  While a proficiency-based assessment model is internally teacher driven, it is also externally moderated to insure accuracy and consistency across a school and district. Teachers moderate their individual scoring against a common set of sufficiency and proficiency criteria to insure equivalent and/or equitable instruction and evaluation across classrooms and schools.

7. Balance Between Formative and Summative Assessment:  A proficiency-based model supports the use of formative classroom assessments to inform instruction and monitor student learning and interim assessments for key checkpoints. These assessments, which are part of a collection of evidence, are the primary guides to classroom instruction and planning. Large-scale testing summative assessments are then used as appropriate: for system-wide data to guide policy level decision-making.

8. Clear Communication about Student Learning:  A proficiency-based assessment model allows student learning on grade level Learning Targets to be reported on a continuum from novice to expert within a year and across years in skill development areas (reading, writing, etc.). This provides clear and specific individual student growth information within the system (teachers, students, parents and between levels) as well as outside the system (i.e. District, School Board, etc).

9. Opportunities for Student Involved Assessment:  With a proficiency-based model, students are the primary users of assessment information. They have clear Learning Targets, understand the purpose of assessments that link to Learning Targets, have multiple opportunities to meet the targets in a variety of ways, track their progress in meeting targets, and can clearly communicate this progress.

Why is it important to have classroom instruction and student tasks / assignments aligned to clear learning targets?

"The concept of 'Opportunity to Learn', then, is a simple but powerful one – if students do not have the opportunity to learn the content expected of them, there is little chance that they will.  'Opportunity to Learn' address the extent to which the curriculum in a school is 'guaranteed.'  This means that state and districts give clear guidance to teachers regarding the content to be addressed in specific courses and at specific grade levels."  "Opportunity to Learn has the strongest relationship with student achievement of all school-level factors identified in Marzano (2000a)." – What Works in Schools by Robert J. Marzano

"But to bring about significant improvement in education, we must link standards to what takes place in classrooms.  For that to happen, teachers need to do two important things: (1) translate the standards into specific classroom experiences that facilitate student learning and (2) ensure the classroom assessments effectively measure the learning." – Mapping the Road to Proficiency by Thomas R. Guskey

Why is it important for students to have multiple opportunities to demonstrate their achievement on each learning target?

"The straight answer to the question of, 'What happens if a student doesn't meet the standards?' is that the student does the assignment again or has additional opportunities in other contexts to meet the standards.  Indeed, revision and improvement is one of the distinguishing features of a standards-based performance assessment.  It is not a 'one-shot' ordeal.  To people who regard such advice as unworkable and extraordinary, I would recommend a few hours with the typical music or physical education teacher.  When a student clarinetist squeaks through the B-flat scale, the typical response is neither a note home nor a low grade awarded many weeks later.  Rather, the student plays the B-flat scale again – and again, and again, until he gets it right.  Effective coaches and physical education teachers routinely do the same thing, knowing that skills in that subject are acquired with practice.  Thus when I ask teachers to give students multiple opportunities for success and when I insist that the consequences of poor performance should not be a low grade but rather the requirement for more work, I am only asking them to take reading, math, social studies, and science just as seriously as they take music and physical education." – Making Standards Work by Douglas B. Reeves   

"Giving students the opportunity to master a skill over time and with repeated attempts may change their ideas about how and why they succeed in class.  If we offer our students the opportunity to try again and really work with them to achieve, perhaps their perceptions of the causes of achievement can change from an innate ability to perform to persistence and effort." – Engaging Adolescents in Reading by J. Guthrie\

Why are formative practices (tasks designed to provide feedback and encourage growth) so important?

"The reported impact of feedback in achievement ranges from a low of 21 percentile points to a high of 41.  Both of these indicate that academic achievement in classes where effective feedback is provided to students is considerably higher than the achievement in classes where it is not.  In fact, a review of almost 8,000 studies led John Hattie (1992) to comment, "The most powerful single modification that embraces achievement is feedback.  The simplest prescription for improving education must be 'dollops of feedback.'"

"The research shows conclusively that formative assessment does improve learning.  The gains in achievement appear to be quite considerable, and as noted earlier; amongst the largest ever reported for educational interventions.  As an illustration of just how big these gains are, an effect size of 0.7, if it could be achieved on a nationwide scale, would be equivalent to raising the mathematics achievement score of an 'average' country like England, New Zealand or the United States into the 'top five' after the Pacific rim countries of Singapore, Korea, Japan, and Hong Kong." – In the Black Box by Paul Black and Dylan Wiliam.

Why is the use of scoring guides / rubrics so important?

"The manner in which students receive feedback is important for student achievement.  As discussed previously, criterion-referenced feedback is superior to norm-referenced feedback.  In nontechnical terms, this means that providing students with feedback in terms of specific levels of knowledge and skill is better than simply providing students with a percentage score.  One powerful set of tools to this end is rubrics." – Classroom Instruction that Works by Robert J. Marzano, Debra J. Pickering, and Jane E. Pollock

"Rubrics hold a mirror up to your objectives for an assessment task.  Matt Townsley (high school math teacher) remembers well the day he looked into this mirror and didn't like what he saw.  'I realized my criteria were mostly about how neat the project looked.  It hit me that students could do well without knowing a whole lot about the learning objective.'" – How We Got Grading Wrong, and What to Do About It by Laura Varlas

Why is the reporting of student progress on learning targets so important?

"Effective feedback is specific and formative in nature.  Certainly feedback once a year from a state test or standardized test falls well below the minimum frequency level.  At a minimum, students should receive quarterly feedback on their academic performance.  Consequently, schools must establish a system that provides feedback on specific knowledge and skills at least every nine weeks.  This automatically rules out state-developed tests on standards, off-the-shelf standardized test, or even both working in tandem.  For all practical purposes, a school has two primary options.

The first is to construct a series of quarterly tests that are specifically designed to assess student competence in essential school-identified content.  Although this is a viable option, it is usually an expensive one because most schools and districts do not have the time or resident expertise to construct such test and must rely on companies that specialize in their design.

A second and much better option is to redesign report cards and grading practices to reflect student competence in specific or 'essential' knowledge and skills." - What Works in Schools by Robert J. Marzano

"Thoughtful and well-informed initiatives to develop new reporting forms frequently prompt discussions about other elements of schooling, which can be vitally important to students' success.  When educators begin talking about what to report and how to report it, they also begin thinking about clarity of state or district learning standards, the effectiveness of their instructional strategies, and the quality of their classroom assessments.  In addition, they often become more conscientious about helping student learn well, earn high grades or marks, and gain confidence in learning situations." – Developing Standards-Based Report Cards by Thomas R. Guskey and Jane M. Bailey 

• The School Board challenges middle schools to become more rigorous and schools ask the question, "What is the standard(s) we expect?"

• Middle schools begin investigating​ best practices

• Middle schools agree on several reform efforts, including Learning Targets and Best Practices in Assessment

2007-2008:

• Standards-based professional development for teachers begins
• Middle school teachers begin developing school specific learning targets

2008-2009:

• Middle school teachers establish teams to develop consistent learning targets and rubrics
• Middle school teachers begin moderating collections of student work around learning targets

2009-2010:

• Middle schools ask the School Board to support efforts to establish a standards-based system
• School Board establishes the K-12 Grading & Reporting Project Team
• The Grading & Reporting Project Team investigates current practices
• Middle schools begin reporting student achievement on learning targets
• Nike begins supporting the implementation of standards-based practices at both the elementary and middle levels through the Nike School Innovation Fund (NSIF)

2010-2011:

• School Board approves Policy IK recommendations from the Grading & Reporting Project Team
• K-5 and 6-12 teacher teams work to refine, align and create learning targets and rubrics
• Middle school teachers continue moderating student collections of evidence around learning targets

2011-2012:

• K-5 and 6-12 teacher teams continue work to refine, align and create learning targets and rubrics
• Teaching & Learning and Information & Technology Departments begin working with EduPoint to refine the TeacherVue electronic grade book
• The Report Card Design Team is formed
• Community forums begin
• Middle schools propose reporting student achievement on learning targets and not converting this information into a letter grade
• Nine components of a standards-based learning system presented at all Elementary schools

2012-2013:

• The TeacherVue electronic grade book is used at Whitford and Cedar Park Middle Schools and Health & Science High School
• Community forums continue
• All middle school teachers continue moderating student collections of evidence around learning targets
• Elementary teachers begin to identify targets, rubrics and assessments to align with new Common Core State Standards
• Elementary teachers moderate writing collections of evidence across schools and calibrate individual samples

2013-2014:

• All middle schools and Health & Science High School use the TeacherVue electronic grade book
• Community forums continue
• High school teachers volunteer to use TeacherVue as a standards-based reporting grade book
• High schools agree to a three-year plan for full implementation of standards-based practices in all classes
• Elementary schools begin using a standards-based report card
• Elementary teachers complete learning targets and rubrics for all subject areas
• Elementary teachers collaborate across schools to align math instruction with new targets and practices
• All middle school teachers continue moderating student collections of evidence around learning targets

2014-15:

• K-5 and 6-12 teacher teams continue work to refine, align and create learning targets and rubrics
• All middle school teachers continue moderating student collections of evidence around learning targets
• High school teachers of the following content areas use the Standards-based electronic grade book (English Language Arts, Social Studies, Math and Science) showing student progress on each courses learning targets.
• K-5 and 6-12 teacher teams continue work to refine, align and create learning targets and rubrics
• All middle school teachers continue moderating student collections of evidence around learning targets
• All high school teachers, with the exception of Dual Credit, AP and IB courses, use the Standards-based electronic grade book
• High schools begin to use a standards-based report card

2015-16:

• K-5 and 6-12 teacher teams continue work to refine, align and create learning targets and rubrics
• All middle school teachers continue moderating student collections of evidence around learning targets
• All high school teachers, with the exception of Dual Credit, AP and IB courses, use the Standards-based electronic grade book
• High schools begin to use a standards-based report card

 2016-17:

• K-5 and 6-12 teacher teams continue work to refine, align and create learning targets and rubrics
• All middle school teachers continue moderating student collections of evidence around learning targets
• All high school teachers, with the exception of Dual Credit courses, use the Standards-based electronic grade book

 2017- Present:

• K-5 and 6-12 teacher teams continue work to refine, align and create learning targets and rubrics
• All middle school teachers continue moderating student collections of evidence around learning targets
• All middle schools request to not convert the summary judgments to a letter grade on report cards
• All high school teachers use the Standards-based electronic grade book

Standards Based Learning System (SBLS) FAQs

Standards-based learning is a series of instructional, assessment and reporting practices built around standards. Well defined standards identify specific knowledge and skills a student should master in each subject area at each grade level. They should describe what a student should know and be able to do as a result of instruction and experiences in school. Proficiency levels describe how well a student is advancing towards meeting the standard. If a student is proficient for a standard they have met all the criteria for that standard.  (see the "Why standards-based learning?" page on this website.)

• English Language Learners
  • We have seen evidence that more ELLs are engaged and motivated in classrooms where standards-based learning is a focus. Because teachers are targeting instruction, they are able to diagnose exactly what students have learned and what they still need to learn while using a variety of strategies to ensure learning of concepts. With the constant feedback, practice, and opportunities to demonstrate their understanding in a variety of ways, students are engaged in their own learning. This helps them persevere in a system that can be challenging to navigate, resulting in greater student success.
• Talented and Gifted 
  • Within a standards-based classroom, gifted and talented students who show early mastery of fundamental skills and concepts can move forward with their learning, engaging with the curriculum at a higher level and focusing on deeper, more challenging coursework. 
• Special Education Students
  • A standards based learning system ensures that all students, regardless of ability or disability, have the opportunity to work in some way towards learning targets. For most students receiving Special Education support, only minor accommodations are needed within the general classroom setting in order for the students to achieve success and make progress toward targets. A standards based learning system allows all students, including those with individual education plans, to be assessed on what they know and can produce.

• Use the "Learning Target" or "Scoring Guides / Rubrics" links within this website.  You can select the subject area and then the grade level along the left-hand side of the Learning Target / Rubric page.  You can then expand each learning target to see the rubric and Supporting Learning Targets (details within each Learning Target)

• Multiple opportunities allow students to show their growth and/or consistency on each learning target.  They also provide the teacher with sufficient evidence to determine the student's current level of proficiency.  That said, teachers may choose to determine the number of opportunities they will provide and communicate this early on in the course.  Teachers can also establish the number of pieces of evidence (opportunities completed) that will be required to have sufficient evidence to determine the student's current level of proficiency. In addition, a teacher determines the number of opportunities needed to discern an individual student's level of proficiency.

• Retaking an assessment is one of many ways to provide multiple opportunities.  Other solutions include building an instructional plan that has multiple tasks addressing each learning target, having students produce predetermined additional evidence, or observation of/conversation with the student.

• The work of developing BSD learning targets and rubrics ranges from some in their third year of revision to some that have yet to be created.  Regardless, we will continue to refine targets and rubrics based on teacher feedback.

• Many of our students have historically demonstrated a high level of achievement and this will continue regardless of how it is reported.  In a standards-based system, rubrics describe Highly Proficient achievement in terms of consistency, precision, application, and independence.  The same descriptors we have always used to describe the level of rigor historically required to earn an "A".   A standards-based system does require a level of proficiency across all of the major concepts and skills taught.  The intent of a standards-based classroom is to encourage student success with all instruction, assessment, and reporting tied to clearly defined learning targets.  If we make a deliberate effort to base grades on proficiency levels within the stated learning targets and the result is a shift in the distribution of grades, we should have a larger discussion around what the letter grade has been communicating and what we want it to communicate.

• The electronic grade book uses established criteria to consider all evidence around each learning target to make a letter grade recommendation to the teacher. Teachers will ensure the letter grade accurately represents each student's demonstrated learning and change it if necessary.

1. ​Standards-based learning shifts a classroom toward one focused on growth.
2. Standards-based learning creates greater clarity for students, teachers and parents.
3. Standards- based learning establishes a higher level of consistency.
4. Standards-based learning requires we tell the truth about student learning.

Scoring Guides/Rubrics

The terms "Scoring Guide" and "Rubric" can be used interchangeably.  A Scoring Guide / Rubric is a document that describes student performance around a particular skill or area of knowledge.  The descriptions within a scoring guide should not only differentiate the levels of performance, it should clearly identify what success looks like.  An effective scoring guide, when used to evaluate student work, should answer three basic questions:

• Where am I going?
• Where am I now?
• What must I do to close the gap?

Within Beaverton School District's Standards-Based Learning System, each Academic Learning Target has a rubric describing four levels of performance.

            4 – Highly Proficient

            3 – Proficient

            2 – Nearly Proficient

            1 – Developing

Within the Beaverton School District, we use rubrics with the four levels of performance listed above, unless a specific school program is better supported by a different type of rubric.  The International Baccalaureate's Middle Years Program at several of our middle schools is a good example.  Within these programs, rubrics with eight levels are used to better align with the program.

At the schools implementing The Middle Years Program (MYP) a 1-8 scale is used.

          7-8 - Highly Proficient

          5-6 - Proficient 

          3-4 - Nearly Proficient 

          1-2 - Developing 

Behavior long-term learning targets are assessed and reported using a rubric with levels of performance.

            Grades K – 5                          Grades 6 – 12

            C – Consistently                    C / I – Consistently / Independently

            G – Generally                        G – Generally

            W - With Support                  R - Rarely / Sometimes

            E – Emerging         

Behaviors are intentionally reported using a different scale to reinforce the idea that though we recognize their influence on a student's academic performance, they are different and should be reported separately.

How does a teacher determine a student's proficiency level and a grade?

Clear, consistent and truthful reporting of student progress begins with the learning targets.  A teacher's instruction, a student's work and the way we report a student's progress should all be focused on the learning targets.

Each teacher will ensure their instruction and student tasks are aligned to the Learning Targets.  At the end of a reporting period, the teacher will consider all of the evidence a student produced around each Learning Target and use the Scoring Guide/Rubric associated with that Learning Target to determine the student's proficiency level.

• ​​Arabic
• Chinese
• English
• ​​Japanese
• Korean
• Russian
• Spanish
• Vietnamese

MYP Summary Judgment to Letter Grade Conversion Criteria

Cedar Park, Meadow Park, ISB and Mountainside have implemented the International Baccalaureate's Middle Years Program (MYP) and use the MYP 1-8 scale.

• Arabic
• Chinese
• English
• Japanese
• Korean
• Russian
• Spanish
• Vietnamese

EXAMPLE of grade determination

            Three Learning Targets are reported on in a writing class.

The teacher gathers evidence for each of the Learning Targets and using a Scoring Guide/Rubric to assign a proficiency score for each piece of student work.

Sample Learning Target and Scoring Guide/Rubric

Writing Academic Learning Target 1 (ALT 1):  I can write an argumentative piece using evidence

 ALT 1 Rubric:

4  Highly Proficient

• I independently formulate, support and communicate a clear, thought-provoking thesis statement/claim in my introduction.
• I organize reasons and apply evidence in support of my claim and develop thorough arguments that run counter to my own, acknowledging strengths and limitations.
• I consistently use a variety of fluid transitions between ideas.
• I develop a conclusion that connects back to the claim and includes relevant insight.

3  Proficient

• I independently formulate, support and communicate a clear thesis statement/claim in my introduction.
• I organize reasons and apply evidence in support of my claim and develop thorough arguments that run counter to my own, attempting to acknowledge strengths and limitations.
• I consistently use appropriate transitions that connect ideas and evidence.
• I develop a conclusion that connects back to the claim and attempts to offer thought-provoking insight.

2  Nearly Proficient

• I articulate a position by writing and defending a clear thesis statement/claim in my introduction, which may be in response to a prompt.
• I attempt to organize reasons and apply evidence in support of my claim. I can acknowledge arguments that run counter to my own.
• I use transitions that connect ideas and evidence.
• I provide a conclusion that connects back to the claim and ideas.

1  Developing

• I struggle with fully articulating a position or defending a thesis statement/claim in my introduction.
• I have difficulty organizing my reasons and/or providing enough evidence to support my claim. I may not acknowledge arguments that run counter to my own.
• I inconsistently use transitions.
• I attempt to develop a conclusion that summarizes the claim and ideas, but it may not be clear.

The proficiency scores of each the three  Learning Targets are averaged to determine overall performance

• Target #1 Overall Performance:  4
• Target #2 Overall Performance:  2
• Target #3 Overall Performance:  3
• Average of Learning Target Scores:  3.0

• Final Letter Grade:  B

PROFICIENCY-BASED CREDIT - Code:IKF/IKFA/IKH-AR

All credit awarded by the Beaverton School District will be based upon evidence of proficiency in mastering the learning associated with each credit.  Most students will demonstrate the necessary proficiency and earn credit through courses taken as part of the regular school program.  However, students will have opportunities to earn credit outside such settings through the demonstration of proficiency.

Proficiency is defined as sufficient evidence of student-demonstrated knowledge and skills that meet or exceed defined levels of performance. The intent of offering credit for proficiency is to:

• Base the award of course credit on proficiency
• Provide more options for students
• Encourage student engagement in learning beyond the classroom in real-world contexts
• Personalize and bring increased relevance to a student's high school education

General Guidelines

Refer to the Application Procedures for Prior Learning or Out of Class Learning for specific procedures and forms.

• Not more than six (6) total credits toward graduation requirements may be earned through Proficiency-Based Credit Award Options outside the regular school program unless otherwise stipulated in the student's Education Plan.
• Evidence of proficiency used for credit options outside the regular school program must be current. Current is defined as produced within the previous twelve (12) calendar months.
• Credits earned through the proficiency options outside the regular school program will earn a "Pass/Fail" grade.

Proficiency Credit for Prior Learning 

1. Student completes the Prior Learning Application and the Collection of Evidence Form and submits it to the counseling office at his/her home school.
2. A building review committee will review the application using District agreements regarding the sufficiency of the proposed collection of proficiency evidence.  The student will be notified within 30 days if the application has been approved or denied.  If an application is denied, the specific reason(s) will be discussed with the student.  The committee may offer the student an opportunity to resubmit the application.  The site decision is final.
3. The student will prepare the collection of proficiency evidence according to criteria provided by the school and in compliance with the timeline provided.
4. The collection of proficiency evidence will be reviewed by a building committee that includes at least one teacher from the content area and at least one teacher who reviewed the initial application.  The committee will determine whether the evidence satisfies the proficiency criteria for the course to earn credit.  The determination of the committee will be recorded on an evaluation form that mirrors the proficiency criteria. A copy of this form will be kept on file at the school.  Another copy will be given to the student.  The site decision is final.

Proficiency Credit for Prior Learning Application Packet

Proficiency Credit for Out of Class Learning

1. Student submits a proficiency-based credit application according to the school's timeline.  As part of the application, the student will complete the companion Learning Experience Plan detailing the learning, the proficiency standards, the criteria for a sufficient collection of evidence, and the amount of credit to be awarded.
2. A building review committee will review the application.  The student will be notified within 30 days if the application has been approved or denied.  If an application is denied, the specific reason(s) will be discussed with the student.  The committee may offer the student an opportunity to resubmit the application.  The site decision is final.
3. The student will prepare the collection of proficiency evidence according criteria detailed in the Learning Experience Plan and in compliance with the timeline provided.
4. The collection of proficiency evidence will be reviewed by a building committee that includes at least one teacher from the content area and at least one teacher who reviewed the initial application.  The committee will determine whether the evidence satisfies the proficiency criteria for the course to earn credit. The determination of the committee will be recorded on an evaluation form that mirrors the proficiency criteria. A copy of this form will be kept on file at the school.  Another copy will be given to the student.  The site decision is final.

Proficiency Credit for Out of Class Learning Application Packet